I, for one, think there is a lot out there for former teachers. I was an educator for about four years all together.
You could be a Site Director for an after school program like I was. In DC, the top two out-of-school time programs are Heads Up and the Higher Achievement Program.
There are other nonprofits like City at Peace which are also not during school time but focus on developing youth in positive ways.
If you've taught English Language Learners, it might make you look good for nonprofits such as the Latin American Youth Center or La Clinica del Pueblo in DC -- even if you don't actually speak Spanish, it will look favorable that you are used to being in diverse environments.
Personally, I made the transition to Development (fundraising). It's not perfect, but I really enjoy the relationship building aspects of it.
Many people who were teaching fellows look for jobs in education policy, so while you might not necessarily find a job at the US deparment of education, you might be able to find openings with think tanks who work with them.
I strongly suggest visiting
www.idealist.org and browsing the job listings in your area to get a good idea of your interests. That sector is always looking for people who can think outside the box, but can do the work.