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Originally Posted by AlphaFrog
Why grapes?? And what is the toxicity of them? Is one grape going to hurt...or would she have to eat an entire bunch??
ETA: Not that I'm going to start experimenting with my dog, but stuff like that freaks me out, and I would start going nuts if my dog accidentally got ahold of 1 grape if I thought it might kill her.
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more info on grape toxicity:
Grape toxicity
Last updated on 1/3/2006.
Contributors:
Mees Dekker, MS, DVM
Linda Shell, DVM, DACVIM (Neurology)
Synonyms:
Raisin toxicity
Disease description:
Ingestion of grapes or raisins has been associated with acute renal failure in dogs. Anecdotal evidence suggests that cats may also be affected. The exact cause of renal toxicity is unknown. 3,4 Fungal, pesticide, and heavy-metal etiologies do not seem likely at this time. Recent unpublished data indicates that the toxic component is water-soluble, and within the flesh of the grape/raisin, not the seed. Thus, the current thinking is that grapeseed extract may be safe to use.
Ingested amounts have varied from 0.41 to 1.1 oz/kg in one study. 1 The lowest recorded amount that caused acute renal failure was 0.7 oz/kg for grapes and 0.11 oz/kg for raisins. However, not every dog or cat is susceptible and some dogs can tolerate large quantities of grapes or raisins without any clinical signs. Thus there may be unnknown patient risk factors in those that develop toxicity. Currently, there is no information about whether or not grape juice might be toxic.
CLINICAL SIGNS
Clinical signs usually begin several hours after ingestion. Vomiting and lethargy are preceded by signs of oliguric and anuric acute renal failure within 24 hours. Partially digested grapes and raisins might be seen in the vomit, fecal material, or both. There have been cases of gastrointestinal signs continuing for several weeks post ingestion. 2 Early and aggressive treatment is indicated, but even so the prognosis must remain guarded once anuric or oliguric renal failure develops.
Etiology:
Grape ingestion
Raisin ingestion
Clinical findings:
Abdominal pain
ANOREXIA
Anuria, urinary shutdown
Depression
DIARRHEA
Oliguria
VOMITING
ZZZ INDEX ZZZ
Diagnostic procedures: Diagnostic results:
Serum chemistry Azotemia
Hypercalcemia
Treatment/Management/Prevention:
SPECIFIC
1) In cases of recent ingestion, begin decontamination procedures by inducing vomiting with one of the following:
Apomorphine: 0.04 mg/kg IV or 0.08 mg/kg IM, SC or crush up one tablet and place it in conjunctival sac; flush remainder of tablet out of sac as soon as emesis occurs.
Hydrogen peroxide 3%: 5-10 ml PO, may be repeated once.
Ipecac syrup: 2.2 ml/kg PO once. Dilute with equal parts water, administer by stomach tube before administration of charcoal.
2) If vomiting does not yield results, then use gastric lavage. Maintain a patent airway with intubation and control respiration. Activated charcoal (see below) can be used.
3)Activated charcoal: Mix into a slurry at a dose of 1 gram/ 5 ml of water; recommended dosage is 10 ml of slurry/kg PO. Administration can be done via naso-gastric or oro-gastric intubation: great care should be undertaken to ensure that no aspiration will occur during or after the procedure, since activated charcoal in the lung can be life-threatening. In some animals, addition of food to the charcoal may entice the animal to eat the charcoal slurry. Rapid administration of activated charcoal can cause vomition: constipation or diarrhea may be a side-effect. And stools will be black in color for a few days. Oral medications should not be given within 3 hours of activated charcoal administration.
4) IV fluid therapy for 48-72 hours at 1.5-2 x maintenance after correction of electrolyte imbalances and dehydration
5) Monitor for azotemia, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia for 3 days post ingestion. If no signs of azotemia by 3 days post ingestion, it is unlikely that renal failure will develop.
6) If azotemia develops, treat as an acute renal failure case using fluid therapy, diuresis, peritoneal dialysis, or hemodialysis.
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