BLACK FACTS: HBCUs

[CrimsonTide4]

It is BLACK HISTORY MONTH and to honor it I want to share a BLACK FACT for every day. We will have more than 28. I am sure of that but I want us to share some deeper, hidden BLACK facts. I want you to help too. This will be a COMMUNITY effort. "DATE IT and STATE IT"!!


February 1, 2002

1834
Henry McNeal Turner Born
Henry McNeal Turner was born on what is now Hannah Circuit, near Newberry, which was then in Abbeville County, South Carolina. Young Turner was "bound out" to the hardest king of labor in the cotton fields and the blacksmith's trade in Abbeville until his "manhood" at age 12.

He possessed an insatiable craving for knowledge. In some way he procured an old Webster's Blue Back Spelling Book. An elderly white lady and a boy with whom he played taught him the alphabet and to spell as far as two-syllable words, but he no farther then as he was caught in the unspeakable act of learning to read. He found an old slave who did not know a letter, but was a prodigy in sounds and could pronounce anything spelled to him. This helper to Henry was moved to another plantation, and he was again left to his own resources. His mother hired a white lady to give him lessons every Sabbath, but the neighbors were so indignant that they threatened to have the law on her, as it was then against the law to teach a Negro the alphabet.

Three years later, at the age of fifteen, Henry was given work in a lawyer's office at the Abbeville Court House. The men in the office were impressed with his excellent memory and taught him, in defiance of the law, to read accurately, history, theology, and even works on law. He continued to pursue his studies alone, and later went to New Orleans, then to Missouri, and still later to Baltimore, where he had charge of a small mission. Here he studied grammar, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, German, and theology under eminent teachers.

Reverend Turner joined the Methodist Episcopal Church South in 1848 and was licensed to preach in 1853. He was ordained Deacon in 1860 and Elder in 1862. At the beginning of the Civil War (which was called War of the Rebellion at that time), he was commissioned by President Abraham Lincoln as the first Negro Chaplain in the United States Army, and served with distinction throughout. In 1865, the Reverend Henry McNeal Turner, later elected to Bishop, moved to Georgia from South Carolina. Before moving to Marietta, Reverend Turner organized St. Phillips AME Church in Savannah, Georgia. Upon his arrival to Marietta, he found former slaves worshipping without ministerial leadership, so he organized the church under the auspices of the AME Church and was the first Negro pastor of Trinity Church for Negroes and Indians.

He received the degree of L.L. D from the University of Pennsylvania in 1872. He served as Vice-president of the African Colonization Society in 1877. He founded the Southern Christian Recorder and the Women's Home and Foreign Missionary Society. He is credited with bringing the South African Conference into the Connection. In addition to being an author and orator, Henry McNeal Turner also served as a member of the Georgia Legislature.

Taken from http://www.turnerchapelame.org/history/histhmt.htm

1865
First African American Before US Supreme Court
John Sweat Rock (1825-1866), a noted Boston lawyer, became in 1865 the first African-American to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court and the first Black person to speak before the U.S. House of Rep ...
(MORE)

1865
Ratification of the 13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which abolished slavery, was adopted by the 38th Congress. Ratification was completed December 6, 1865.

1871
1st Black to Speak in US House of Representatives
Jefferson Long of Georgia became the first Black to make an official speech in the House of Representatives. He opposed leniency to former Confederates.

1887
J. Robinson patents food carrier
Robinson, J.
Dinner Pail
Feb. 01, 1887
Patent No. 356,852

1902
Langston Hughes
One of the most famous poets, Langston Hughes was born in the year 1902.

1926
Negro History Week Begins
What is now known as Black History Month, was first celebrated on this date as Negro History Week by Carter G. Woodson. It became a month long celebration in 1976.

1937
Actor/Comedian Garrett Morris born
Actor/Comedian Garrett Morris, formerly of Saturday Night Live, born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

1960
Sit-in Movement in Greensboro, North Carolina
Four students form North Carolina A&T College started Sit-in movement at Greensboro, N.C., five-and-dime store. By February 10 movement had spread to fifteen Southern cities in five states.

1965
Selma Demonstration Ends in 700 Arrests
More than seven hundred demonstrators, including Martin Luther King Jr., arrested in Selma.

1965
Actress Ruby Dee in Shakespeare Festival
Ruby Dee was the first African American actress to play a major role at the American Shakespeare Festival in Stratford, Conn.

1990
Original Sit-In Revisited
In Greensboro, North Carolina, Joseph McNeil, Jibreel Khazan (Ezell Blair), Franklin McCain and David Richond repeated the original sit-in of 30 years prior, by having breakfast at the Greensboro Woolworth store.

1990
Ida Wells Postage Stamp Issued
Ida Wells, a black reformer who compiled records on lynching, is the subject of a United States Postal Service stamp.

1997
First 24-Hour Black Movie Channel
BET Holdings and Encore Media Corp. launch BET Movie/Starz
the first 24 hour Black Movie channel.

1997
Black Facts Online Goes Live!
Black Facts Online, the premiere spot for Black history goes online.



February 2, 2002
Black Facts that happened on February the 2nd:

1839
Spark Plug Patent
Inventor Edmond Berger patented the spark plug.

1862
District of Columbia abolishes slavery

1897
A.L. Cralle patents Ice Cream Mold
Cralle, A. L.
Ice-Cream Mold
Feb. 02, 1897
Patent No.576,395
1897 Ice Cream Scooper Invented
Alfred L. Cralle invented the ice cram
scooper, patent #576,395

1912
Quartet Singer Herbert Mills born
Herbert Mills, of the original Mills Brothers Quartet, was born in Piqua, Ohio. The highly successful quartet was known for its smooth harmony.

1914
William Ellisworth Artist is born
William Ellisworth Artist is born in Washington,N.C. Educated at Syracuse University and a student of Augusta Savage. His works will be exhibited at Atlanta University, the Whitney Museum, the Two Centuries of Black American Art exhibit and collected by Fisk University, Hampton University, the North Carolina Museum of Art, and private collectors.

1915
Biologist Ernest E. Just Receives Spingarn Medal
Biologist Ernest E. Just receives the Spingarn medal for his pioneering in cell division and fertilization.

1948
Truman sends Congress Anti-Lynching Message
President Truman sent Congress a special message urging adoption of a civil rights program, including a fair employment practices commission and anti-lynching and anti-poll tax measures.

1962
Eleven People Arrested After Sit-In
Seven whites and four Blacks arrested after all-night sit-in at Englewood, N.J., city hall. Four Black mothers arrested after sit-in at Chicago elementary school. Mothers later received suspended $50 fines. Protests, picketing and demonstrations continued for several weeks against de facto segregation, double shifts and mobile classrooms.

1989
Rebellion After Suspicious Death During Arrest
In Tampa,Florida, a rebellion followed the suspicious death of Edgar Allen Price, a police suspect who died during an arrest. Police contended that Price "hit his head on the ground several times."

http://www.blackfacts.com

[CrimsonTide4]

February 3

1810
Black Hero of Argentina dies
Antonio Ruiz (El Negro Falucho), national hero of Buenos Aires, Agentina, dies for his country.

1874
Blanche Kelso Bruce elected to US Senate
Blanche Kelso Bruce elected to a full six-year term in the U.S. Senate by the Mississippi legislature.

1903
Jack Johnson, Negro Heavyweight
On February 3, 1903; Jackson became the first Negro Heavyweight Champion

1920
Negro Baseball League founded
The Negro Baseball League founded.

1948
Black Mother and Sons Condemned to Death
Rosa Ingram and her fourteen-and sixteen -year-old sons condemned to death for the alleged murder of a white Georgian. Mrs. Ingram said she acted in self-defense.

1956
U of Alabama First Black Student
Autherine J. Lucy becomes the first black student to attend the University of Alabama.

She was expelled three days later "for her own safety" in response to threats from a mob. In 1992 Autherine Lucy Foster graduated from the University with a master’s degree in education. The same day, her daughter, Grazia Foster, graduated with a bachelor’s degree in corporate finance.

1964
Blacks, Puerto Ricans Boycott NYC Public Schools
School officials reported that 464,000 Black and Puerto Rican students boycotted New York City public schools. More than 267,000 were absent during second boycott, March 16.

1965
Geraldine McCullough Wins Widener Gold Medal

Geraldine McCullough, sculptor, wins the Widener
Gold Medal award.

1988
Confederate Flag Protest
In Montgomery, Alabama, Thomas Reed, president of the Alabama chapter of the NAACP, was arrested after he and 11 others attempted to strike a Confederate flag flying atop the state capitol building.

1989
Bill White named president of National League
Six time All-Star Bill White was named president of National League.

1989
Tennis player Lori McNeil defeats Chris Evert
Tennis professional Lori McNeil defeated Chris Evert in the Pan Pacific Open in Tokyo.

1997
Jazz artist Tony Williams dies
Award-winning jazz drummer Tony Williams dies in Daly City, California.

1999
Cyber-Youth Network Launch
On Wednesday, February 3rd, for the first time in history, America's urban students will have a Web site specifically designed to address their educational needs and interests. The site -- called the Cyber-Youth Network -- provides a model for online education by offering students and teachers culturally relevant material that is both educational and entertaining.

With help from organizations like founding sponsor DaimlerChrysler Corp., the launch of the program will showcase students from Washington, DC's Eastern and Ballou Senior High Schools who, using the Cyber-Youth Network, will trace their
ancestors through the African-American Civil War Memorial online database, access sites about Black History Month and participate in a live video conference with African-American role models. The project is conducted in partnership with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) with plans to expand the program to other urban school systems within HUD's existing nine Enterprise Zone Communities over the next year.

The launch of the Cyber-Youth Network will coincide with the first week of Black History Month. WHAT: The Cyber-Youth Network will launch the nation's first fully interactive Internet Web site specifically designed for urban students, teachers and parents in recognition of Black History Month. More than 15 students will demonstrate the Network's capabilities.

[CrimsonTide4]

1913
Rosa Parks (born Rosa Louise McCauley) was born on this day.

1974
MAMABUUDHA was born on this day. HAPPY BIRTHDAY SOROR!

[The Original Ape]

I like that, Crimson. I'm gon check yall's forum each day for these facts for the day.

[CrimsonTide4]

On this day in History, the following Blacks were born:
Henry "Hank" Aaron -- 1934
Natalie Cole -- 1950


Black Facts of the Day:

1866
Congressman Thaddeus Stevens offered an amendment to Freedmen's Bureau bill authorizing the distribution of public land and confiscated land to freedmen and loyal refugees in forty acre lots. The measure was defeated in the House by a vote of 126 to 37. A Black delegation, led by Frederick Douglas called on President Johnson and urged ballots for former slaves. Meeting ended in disagreement and controversy after Johnson reiterated his opposition to Black suffrage.

1958
Clifton R. Wharton Sr. confirmed as minister to Rumania. Career diplomat was the first Black to head a U.S. embassy in Europe.

1962
Suit seeking to bar Englewood, N.J., from maintaining "racial segregated" elementary schools filed in U.S. District Court.

1990
Columbia University graduate and Harvard University law student Barack Obabma became the first African American named president of the Harvard Law Review.

[CrimsonTide4]

February 6, 2002

1820
United States population: 9,638,453.
Black population: 1,771,656 (18.4 per cent).
"Mayflower of Liberia" sailed from New York City with eighty-six Blacks. Ship arrived in Sierra Leone, March 9.

1820
U.S. Blacks emigrate back to Sierra Leone
First organized emigration of U.S. Blacks back to Africa, from New York to Sierra Leone, 1820. The first organized emigration back to Africa begins when 86 free African Americans leave New York Harbor aboard the Mayflower of Liberia. They are bound for the British colony of Sierra Leone, which welcomes free African Americans as well as fugitive slaves.


1867
Peabody Fund established
The Peabody Fund for Black education in the South established.

1933
Walter E. Fauntroy was born in Washington, D.C. He went on to become a District of Columbia delegate to the House of Representatives.

1945
Bob Marley, Jamacian reggae star is born.

1961
Jail-in movement started in Rock Hill, S.C., when students refused to pay fines and requested jail sentences. Students Nonviolent Coordinating Committee urged south-wide "Jail, No Bail" campaign.

1993
Tennis player Arthur Ashe dies. Ashe was the first
African American to win at Wimbledon.

[delph998]

Great job Crimson!!! I want to be just like you soror! You hold it down!

[CrimsonTide4]

1872
Alcorn A&M College opened.


1883
Eubie Blake, pianist, born.

1926
Carter G. Woodson creates Negro History Week.
In 1976 it became Black History Month.

1945
Irwin Molison appointed judge of the US Customs
Court.

1946
Filibuster in U.S. Senate killed FEPC bill.

**Information about FEPC BILL: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indi...hts_radio.html ***

1967
Comedian, author, recording artist, actor, and talk show host Chris Rock was born in South Carolina. He will become a critically comedian, hosting his self titled show on HBO. He will also bring to the forefront a boycott of the flag of his birthplace. He will star in and make a few movies of his own.

[CrimsonTide4]

1925
Marcus Garvey entered federal prison in Atlanta. Students staged strike at Fisk University to protest policies of white administration.

1944
Harry S. McAlphin - First African American to
accredited to attend White House press conference.

1968
Officers killed three students during demonstration on the campus of South Carolina State in Orangeburg, South Carolina. Students were protesting segregation at an Orangeburg bowling alley.

1968
Diminutive actor Gary Coleman was born in Zion, Illinois. Despite a childhood of medical troubles, Coleman went on to become a television star in numerous situation comedies.

1978
Leon Spinks defeated Muhammad Ali for heavyweight boxing championship. Ali regained the title on September 15 and became the person to win the title three times.

1985
Brenda Renee Pearson an official court reporter for the House of Representatives was the first black female to record the State of the Union message delivered by the president in the House chambers.

1986
Oprah Winfrey becomes the first African American woman to host a nationally syndicated talk show.

1986
Figure skater Debi Thomas became the first African American to win the Women's Singles of the U.S. National Figure Skating Championship competition, was a pre-med student at Stanford University.

1990
Andy Rooney, a CBS "60 Minutes" commentator, received a 90-day suspension from work because of racist remarks about African Americans attributed to him by Chris Bull, a New York-based reporter for "The Advocate," a bi-weekly national gay & lesbian newsmagazine published in Los Angeles. Bull quoted Rooney as having said during an interview: "I've believed all along that most people are born with equal intelligence, but Blacks have watered down thier genes because the less intelligent ones are the ones that have the children. They drop out of school early, do drugs, and get pregnant."

[CrimsonTide4]

FEBRUARY 9, 2002

1906
Death of Paul Laurence Dunbar (33), Dayton, Ohio.

1944
1944 Novelist Alice Walker was born in Eatonton, Georgia.

1952
Author Ralph Ellison's novel Invisible Man wins the National Book Award

1971
Baseball Hall of Fame inducts Leroy "Satchel"
Paige.

1995
Bernard Harris, African-American astronaut, takes space walk.

[CrimsonTide4]

FEBRUARY 10, 2002


1787
Georgia's House of Assembly named Willliam Few, Abraham Baldwin, William Pierce, Georgie Walton, William Houston, and Nathaniel Pendleton as Georgia's commissioners to the Philadelphia constitutional convention.

1854
Educator Joseph Charles Price was born
Few Individuals have made the impact on their times or left the legacy to their beneficiaries as did Joseph Charles Price, founder and first president of Livingstone College.

Born February 10, 1854 at Elizabeth City, NC, he rose to fame and world renown as a scholar, Christian Gospel Preacher, orator and shining example of selflessness in devotion to his people.

He graduated from Lincoln University in Pennsylvania as valedictorian of the Class of 1879, and completed the three-year theological course in two years. So impressive were his early achievements and so dynamic his personality that Bishop James Walker Hood named him to the A.M.E. Zion Church's delegation to the 1881 Ecumenical Methodist Conference which met in the City Road Chapel, London.

Here Dr. Price so excited and thrilled the people assembled until he was persuaded to remain in England and speak on behalf of the fledgling school the denomination had adopted through the General Conference. While in England he raised $10,000 for the college and returned in 1882 to embark upon the task of establishing and securing the institution.

Dr. Joseph Charles Price (1854-1893) was the founder and first President of the college. A brilliant scholar, great Gospel Preacher, world-famous orator, and advocate for the common man, Dr. Price sought to educate the whole man; his hands, his head and his heart.

During his ten years as President of the college, Dr. Price attracted students, friends and funds through the sheer power of his personality and Christian compassion. His great faith and hope for the future has been epitomized in this famous quotation of his: "I do not care how dark the night; I believe in the coming of the morning."

Dr. Price served the college until his death in 1893, refusing positions of great prestige and attractive salaries to devote his life and engeries to the college. He demonstrated faith in his people, and called upon all to seize the opportunity to contribute toward elevating the black man through generous support of educational enterprises. Three of Dr. Price's grandsons survive him: Dr. Price S. Braithwaite of Los Angles, California, Mr. Charles P. Sherrill of Salisbury, North Carolina and Dr. Richard Sherrill of Virginia Beach, Virginia.

The annual observance of Founder's Day in our churches not only honors his memory, but provides us the opportunity to join in perpetuating his work by supporting Livingstone College.

1868
Conservatives, aided by military forces, seized convention hall and established effective control over Reconstruction process in Florida. Republican conservatives drafted new constitution which
concentrated political power in hands of governor and limited the impact of the Black vote.


1907
Civil rights activist and politician Grace Towns Hamilton was born in Atlanta, Georgia. She received her undergraduate degree from hometown Atlanta University, before completing her master's degree at Ohio State University. She held teaching positions at the Atlanta School of Social Work, Clark College, and LeMoyne College in Memphis, while maintaining an active interest in the civil rights movement. Hamilton served as executive director of the Atlanta Urban League from 1943-1960, and also sat on the
board of the Southern Regional Council and the Governor's Commission on the Status of Women, as well as many other voluntary positions. But she made her most lasting mark by becoming the first African-American woman elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1965. She served in Georgia House of Representatives until 1984. Today, a chair in the Emory University political science department is named in her honor.

1927
Leontyne Price has achieved heights in the music world that many aspire to but that very few reach. As a singer she became famous all around the world.

Mary Leontyne Price was born in Laurel, Mississippi, on February 10, 1927. As a youth, she sang in church choirs. Later, she attended Central State College in Wilberforce, Ohio, where she received encouragement and specialized vocal training. Through the financial assistance of people from her hometown and the great Paul Robeson, she was able to continue her training at the Juilliard School of Music in New York.

Price first attracted widespread attention while she was at Juilliard. Her fame in the United States led to her being selected to play of Bess in a European tour of George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess. That triumphal tour brought her worldwide fame. After the tour, she went on to sing the part of Aida in Austria, Belgium, Italy, and Yugoslavia. She was so popular in Europe that she signed to a contract to record songs in most of the major European languages.

Back in the United States, her popularity continued to grow. In 1961, Price debuted with the Metropolitan Opera in New York, singing the part of Leonora in Giuseppe Verdi's II Trovatore. For her performance, she received a standing ovation that lasted forty-two minutes.

At the peak of her popularity, Leontyne Price retired from active operatic singing. Her retirement from the stage left a gap that has yet to be filled.

1927
Attorney Ronald Brown was elected national chairman of the Democratic Party and became the first African American to hold the post. Brown was later appointed Secretary of Commerce under the Clinton administration in 1994. He served in this capacity until he was killed in 1996 when he and 32 others died in a plane crash while on a diplmatic mission in Croatia.

1940
Singer Roberta Flack born
Born into a musical family, Flack graduated from Howard University with a BA in music. She was discovered singing and playing jazz in a Washington nightclub by pianist Les McCann, who recommended her talents to Atlantic Records. Two classy albums, First Take and Chapter Two, garnered considerable acclaim for their skilful, often introspective, content before Flack achieved huge success with a poignant version of folk-singer Ewan MacColl 's ballad, 'First Time Ever I Saw Your Face'. Recorded in 1969, it was a major international hit three years later, following its inclusion in the film Play Misty For Me. Further hits came with 'Where Is The Love?' (1972), a duet with Donny Hathaway, and 'Killing Me Softly With His Song' (1973), where Flack's penchant for sweeter, more MOR-styled compositions gained an ascendancy. Her cool, almost unemotional style benefited from a measured use of slow material, although she seemed less comfortable on up-tempo songs. Flack's self-assurance wavered during the mid-70s, but further duets with Hathaway, 'The Closer I Get To You' (1978) and 'You Are My Heaven' (1980), suggested a rebirth. She was shattered when her partner committed suicide in 1979, but in the 80s Flack enjoyed a fruitful partnership with Peabo Bryson that reached a commercial, if sentimental, peak with 'Tonight I Celebrate My Love' in 1983. Set The Night To Music was produced by the highly respected Arif Mardin, but the bland duet with Maxi Priest on the title track was representative of this soulless collection of songs. Still, Roberta Flack remains a crafted, if precisionist, performer.

1946
Georgia-born Jackie Robinson -- major league baseball's first black player -- married Rachel Isum.

1964
1964 After 12 days of debate and voting on 125 amendments, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by a vote of 290-130. The bill prohibited any state or local government or public facility from denying access to anyone because of race or ethnic origin. It further gave the U.S. Attorney General the power to bring school desegregation law suits. The bill allowed the federal government the power to bring school
desegregation law suits and to cut off federal funds to companies or states who discriminated. It forbade labor organizations or interstate commercial companies from discriminating against workers due to race or ethnic origins. Lastly, the federal government could compile records of denial of voting rights. After passage in the House, the bill went to the Senate, which after 83 days of debate passed a similar package on June 19 by a vote of 73 to 27. President Lyndon Johnson signed the legislation on July 2. Later, future Georgia governor Lester Maddox would become the first person prosecuted under the Civil Rights Act.


1966
Andrew Brimmer becomes the first African-American governor of the Federal Reserve Board when he is appointed by President Johnson.

1967
The 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution went into effect. That amendment provided that in the case of a vice president's become president, the new president would name a new vice president, subject to confirmation by a majority vote of both houses of Congress.

1992
American biographer, scriptwriter, author who became famous with the publication of the novel ROOTS, which traces his ancestry back to Africa and covers seven American generations as they are taken slaves to the United States. The book was adapted to television series, and woke up an interest in genealogy, particularly among African-Americans. Haley himself commented that the book was not so much history as a study of mythmaking. "What Roots gets at in whatever form, is that it touches the pulse of how alike we human beings are when you get down to the bottom, beneath these man-imposed differences."

[CrimsonTide4]

I thought this would make a nice addition to Black Fact of the Day. Also since no one else is contributing , I can do what I want.

[CrimsonTide4]

FEBRUARY 11, 2002

1898
Owen L. W. Smith of North Carolina, AME Zion minister and educator, named minister to Liberia.

1961
First Black legal protest in America pressed by eleven Blacks who petitioned for freedom in New Netherlands (New York). Council of New Netherlands freed the eleven petitioners because they had "served the Company seventeen or eighteen years" and had been "long since promised their freedom on the same footing as other free people in New Netherlands."

1961
February 11, Robert Weaver sworn in as administrator of the Housing and Home Finance Agency, highest federal post to date by a Black American.

1971
Whitney Young Jr., National Urban League director, drowned during recreational swim at international conference in Lagos, Nigeria.

1976
Clifford Alexander Jr. confirmed as the first Black secretary of the United States army.

1977
First Black Secretary of the Army, Clifford Alexander, Jr. appointed.

1989
Barbara C. Harris becomes the first woman bishop of the Anglican Church.

1990
Nelson Mandela's greatest pleasure, his most private moment, is watching the sun set with the music of Handel or Tchaikovsky playing.

Locked up in his cell during daylight hours, deprived of music, both these simple pleasures were denied him for decades. With his fellow prisoners, concerts were organised when possible, particularly at Christmas time, where they would sing. Nelson Mandela finds music very uplifting, and takes a keen interest not only in European classical music but also in African choral music and the many talents in South African music. But one voice stands out above all - that of Paul Robeson, whom he describes as our hero.

The years in jail reinforced habits that were already entrenched: the disciplined eating regime of an athlete began in the 1940s, as did the early morning exercise. Still today Nelson Mandela is up by 4.30am, irrespective of how late he has worked the previous evening. By 5am he has begun his exercise routine that lasts at least an hour. Breakfast is by 6.30, when the days newspapers are read. The day s work has begun.

With a standard working day of at least 12 hours, time management is critical and Nelson Mandela is extremely impatient with unpunctuality, regarding it as insulting to those you are dealing with.

When speaking of the extensive travelling he has undertaken since his release from prison, Nelson Mandela says: I was helped when preparing for my release by the biography of Pandit Nehru, who wrote of what happens when you leave jail. My daughter Zinzi says that she grew up without a father, who, when he returned, became a father of the nation. This has placed a great responsibility of my shoulders. And wherever I travel, I immediately begin to miss the familiar - the mine dumps, the colour and smell that is uniquely South African, and, above all, the people. I do not like to be away for any length of time. For me, there is no place like home.

Mandela accepted the Nobel Peace Prize as an accolade to all people who have worked for peace and stood against racism. It was as much an award to his person as it was to the ANC and all South Africa s people. In particular, he regards it as a tribute to the people of Norway who stood against apartheid while many in the world were silent.

We know it was Norway that provided resources for farming; thereby enabling us to grow food; resources for education and vocational training and the provision of accommodation over the years in exile. The reward for all this sacrifice will be the attainment of freedom and democracy in South Africa, in an open society which respects the rights of all individuals. That goal is now in sight, and we have to thank the people and governments of Norway and Sweden for the tremendous role they played.

[14dst01]

This is an excellent idea. Kudos Soror for making us aware of our heritage!!!

[CrimsonTide4]

Thanks AKA2D
http://www.ujima.com/bim/index.htm



Photo's Caption: Presenting the Statue of Liberty?
The French artist Bartholdi originally designed the Statue of Liberty as Frances’s tribute to the emancipation of U.S. slaves. The statue had Negroid features and the broken chains of slavery hanging from her arm. He was "encouraged" to alter the image.