It's not quick, but not difficult...
You can get the information from the
Department of State. Basically you need to get the application and fill it out (can be printed from website or picked up at the Post Office). Then you need to get 2 identical photos (look on the internet or phone book for someone who does passport photos in your area) costs about $15.00. Then take the form and the photos to the Post Office and pay the fees. The fees for a US Passport are around $97.00 not including the passport photos.
Once you have done all that it could be 4-6 weeks before you receive your passport. Unless you pay to have it expedited, but there is no need if you don't have plans to go out of the country anytime soon.