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It's really not worth talking about, since the U.S. no longer goes around "annexing" much of anything.
There's no "annexation" process in the Constitution. The U.S. does have a few nonstate territories that remain from colonial periods (consider Puerto Rico and Guam, for example) and U.S.-sovereign military bases elsewhere (think Guantanamo Bay). However, for Canadian provinces to obtain statehood, (1) they'd have to want it and ask for it, and (2) the then-existing U.S. Congress would have to approve. U.S. Const. art. IV sect. 3.
I can't even begin seriously to imagine that happening in my lifetime.
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