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Off the top of my head for related cases, I'll cite Tinker v. Des Moines.
I quote:
In our system, state-operated schools may not be enclaves of totalitarianism. School officials do not possess absolute authority over their students. Students in school as well as out of school are "persons" under our Constitution. They are possessed of fundamental rights which the State must respect, just as they themselves must respect their obligations to the State. In our system, students may not be regarded as closed-circuit recipients of only that which the State chooses to communicate. They may not be confined to the expression of those sentiments that are officially approved. In the absence of a specific showing of constitutionally valid reasons to regulate their speech, students are entitled to freedom of expression of their views. As Judge Gewin, speaking for the Fifth Circuit, said, school officials cannot suppress "expressions of feelings with which they do not wish to contend."
Futhermore, facebook is a place for "human expression." It isn't the same as being in school, so it has a higher degree of first amendment protection than if it had actually been said in school. For instance, in Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, the court ruled in favor of the school only because the newspaper was school funded. If students had put it together out of school, on their own time, it would have had a very different ruling.
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