[emb021]

As to your questions. Most National orgs will shut down chapters for several reasons, mostly being hazing and the like. How long until they allow a new chapter to be re-established may vary, but I think most will set an amount of time to ensure that all who were involved with the previous chapter are now gone.

Yes, sometimes Universities will shut down a chapter. Again, it will usually be for hazing and similiar unacceptable behavior. Some Universities may be harsher about letting a new chapter be formed.

It will depend on the organization whether a chapter can still 'exist' without their University's approval.

I can only add the following from my org:

We have shutdown chapters. Its usually for serious issues such as hazing where hazing is prevelent within the chapter (as opposed to it just being a couple of brothers doing it without the knowledge/approval of the chapter). In such cases, we do not allow a re-charter effort for 4-5 years.

We have had Universities kick our chapters off campus (this basically shuts them down). It has always been for serious issues of hazing. The only such cases I am aware of, it is a permanent ban. We are not allowed back. The only difference here is that had we known of the issue, we would have taken action, and would have allowed a re-charter to eventually occur.

As we charter chapters to Universities, if a chapter loses university approval, they automatically lose their charter and cease to be. Any continuing activity of the 'chapter' is now an underground effort, and totally unsanctioned by our national body. Any evidence of underground activity on a campus will set back any re-chartering efforts by several years. Those doing such activities are not helping things...

No, I will no provide examples.