The Cornel West Reader by Cornel West
Flash of the Spirit - African American Art & Philosophy by Robert Farris Thompson
Breaking Bread - Insurgent Black Intellectual Life by bell hooks and Cornel West
The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois
The New Negro by Alain Leroy Locke
Notes of a Native Son by James Baldwin
Sister Outsider - Essays and Speeches by Audre Lorde
Yurugu: An African Centered Critique of European Thought and Behaviour by Marimba Ani
(warning - this is a VERY difficult read)
The Wretched of the Earth by Frantz Fanon
And that's just my short list. Most of the people here are progressive thinkers. If you're more of a conservative, I'd suggest some Shelby Steele, some Stanley Crouch, or some (and I hate to even mention her name) Frances Cress Welsing.